James Macdonald

The rise of global trade leads to growing wealth, but also to growing economic insecurity: Vital imports can be cut off by one's enemies. In a multipolar world, economic insecurity leads to arms races and conflict. The only solution to this conundrum has been benign he...

The world's straits make up only a tiny portion of the oceans, but they have an importance out of all proportion to their size. The ease with which they can be blockaded has made them a focal point of nations seeking to protect the trade on which, in a globalized world...